Perfil fisiológico de los nanomateriales
Resumen
Hoy en día uso de nanomateriales (NMs), ha proporcionado aplicaciones en múltiples áreas como la medicina, cosmetología, electrónica y otras, dando lugar a la generación de exitosos productos comerciales. Sin embargo, aún existe controversia en la toxicología promovida por los NMs, debido a que la naturaleza del material, su tamaño, concentración e interacción con estructuras fisiológicas, podría afectar de manera negativa al organismo. En este sentido, las investigaciones en nanotoxicología, incluyen modelos fisiológicos ex vivo, que permiten obtener información del efecto biológico de los NMs en órganos y tejidos, por ejemplo corazón, hígado, riñón, vasos sanguíneos, aparato digestivo, respiratorio, entre otros. Los resultados de dichos abordajes fisiológicos se obtienen de forma relativamente rápida, con un costo comparativamente bajo y proporcionan información importante de los mecanismos de acción involucrados en el órgano diana. En esta revisión, se describen algunos modelos fisiológicos que pueden aportar información relevante en el campo de la nanotoxicolgía y como se podrían complementar a través de modelos in silico. Asimismo, se presenta como caso de estudio, el trabajo realizado por nuestro grupo de investigación en referencia al efecto biológico de las nanopartículas de plata (AgNPs) haciendo uso modelos de corazón aislado y perfundido, anillos aislados de vasos sanguíneos y de vías respiratorias.
Citas
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