Entre la comprensión y la predicción del funcionamiento de catalizadores sólidos

Juan Carlos Fierro-Gonzalez

doi:10.22201/ceiich.24485691e.2021.26.69645

Juan Carlos Fierro-Gonzalez Tecnológico Nacional de México en Celaya, Departamento de Ingeniería Química http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2375-8303

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22201/ceiich.24485691e.2021.26.69645

Palabras clave: diseño de catalizadores, prueba y error, ciclos catalíticos

Resumen

El descubrimiento de catalizadores sólidos generalmente se realiza a través de una metodología que incorpora elementos de prueba y error. En el mejor de los casos, esta estrategia se apoya en información obtenida de técnicas de caracterización. Sin embargo, como la estructura de los catalizadores sólidos es generalmente complicada, dicha información es insuficiente para tener una descripción precisa y rigurosa del modo en que funcionan los catalizadores. Además, la estrategia tampoco permite establecer si los catalizadores encontrados serán los mejores posibles. Como contraparte de la prueba y error está el diseño de catalizadores, con el cual se pretende desarrollar materiales a partir de su comprensión a nivel fundamental (i.e., detalles específicos y rigurosos de la naturaleza del sitio activo). En principio, el diseño permitiría predecir la estructura necesaria en un material para que este sea catalíticamente activo. En este trabajo se contrastan las estrategias que típicamente se emplean para estudiar catalizadores sólidos, poniendo énfasis especial en la posibilidad de diseñar materiales. Se discute qué significa comprender el funcionamiento de los catalizadores a nivel fundamental y se hace un análisis crítico de posibles oportunidades que ofrece el diseño para abordar algunos problemas relevantes en el estudio de catalizadores en la actualidad.

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