Obtención de nanocelulosa a partir de residuos postcosecha
Resumen
El principal problema que enfrentan los residuos agroindustriales es la falta de conciencia ambiental de los productores, sumado a los pocos recursos destinados al desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías y las pobres políticas gubernamentales para el manejo de dichos residuos. Lo anterior genera fuentes puntuales de contaminantes atmosféricos y nos hace cómplices del cambio climático por la emisión de gases efecto invernadero y contaminantes climáticos de vida corta, como el carbono negro. En las últimas décadas, se ha puesto gran interés por el descubrimiento del nuevo mundo de las nanopartículas y en particular el de la nanocelulosa. Algunos logros, ya son visibles y tienen múltiples aplicaciones. Pero si bien es cierto que hay numerosos avances en la obtención de estas nanomaterias a partir de distintos tipos de fibras naturales o residuos postcosecha, aún falta investigación para lograr la factibilidad de tales tecnologías, principalmente por los gastos energéticos y los costos de producción. En esta revisión se ofrece un resumen de diversos ensayos de laboratorio que reconocen la posibilidad de obtención de nanocelulosa a partir de residuos postcosecha, mediante diversos métodos, con el fin de despertar el interés por perfeccionar la logística de las técnicas y la eficiencia de los procesos que se ofrecen a partir de diferentes residuos agroindustriales.
Citas
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