Desbalance del sistema antioxidante causado por la exposición a nanopartículas de óxido de zinc y óxido de cobre
Resumen
Los nanomateriales (NM) sintetizados a partir de óxidos metálicos, como las nanopartículas de óxido de zinc (NPsZnO), son uno de los más utilizados en la industria alimentaria como recubrimientos para envases de alimentos y excipientes, y dentro de la industria cosmética en la fabricación de cremas, protectores solares, maquillajes y otros productos de belleza. Al incrementar su uso, también aumentan los escenarios de exposición y potencial efecto a la salud. El interés por estudiar sus posibles efectos tóxicos y el impacto en el ambiente se ha incrementado por consecuencia. La via de exposición y las propiedades fisicoquímicas del NM define sus interacciones moleculares y toxicidad. Los NM que ingresan a la célula interactuan con diferentes organelos, induciendo estrés oxidativo e incrementando la producción de especies de oxígeno altamente reactivas (ROS), siendo este uno de los mecanismos de nanotoxicidad mas frecuentes. Independientemente de la existencia de muchos estudios sobre la generación de ROS por las NPs, poca atención se ha dedicado a conocer si las NPs son capaces de alterar el sistema antioxidante de la célula. En este trabajo mostramos algunos ejemplos de cómo las NPsZnO y CuO, alteran las funciones antioxidantes de los hepatocitos para brindar elementos que ayuden a explicar los mecanismos moleculares de la toxicidad celular inducida por NPs.
Citas
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