Evaluando la toxicidad de nanomateriales en modelos celulares tridimensionales
Resumen
Las evaluaciones in vitro para determinar el efecto citotóxico de los nanomateriales en cultivos celulares se han realizado de forma tradicional en cultivos bidimensionales. Esto se debe a que dichos protocolos se han adecuado a partir de aquellos utilizados en la toxicología. Sin embargo, las interacciones entre las células son mucho más complejas que las observadas en un arreglo en monocapa, siendo ésta la principal razón por la que, desde hace algunos años, se promueve la implementación de los cultivos celulares tridimensionales, a los que se les conoce como esferoides, para ser usados en las evaluaciones del efecto de los nanomateriales en cultivos celulares. Cada vez son más las evidencias que soportan la idea de que los esferoides representan un mejor modelo para el estudio de las respuestas celulares, pues emulan con mayor precisión las uniones celulares, comunicación y fisiología que sucede en un tejido dentro de un modelo in vivo. En este artículo, presentamos algunos puntos sobre el desarrollo de los cultivos 3D como una nueva y mejor metodología para las evaluaciones nanotoxicológicas.
Citas
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