Nanopartículas de TiO2 fotocatalíticas incorporadas en materiales de construcción. ¡Construyamos edificios inteligentes!
Resumen
En las grandes áreas metropolitanas del mundo se está generando una alta concentración de contaminantes atmosféricos, producto del creciente número de vehículos, fábricas, industrias y construcciones, los cuales están propiciando serios problemas de calidad del aire, de salud pública y de deterioro estructural. Para abordar estos problemas, el uso, en los últimos años, de los materiales de construcción fotocatalíticos ha surgido como una nueva tecnología alternativa para remediar la contaminación de la atmósfera urbana, mantener la estética y la funcionalidad de las infraestructuras. Las grandes áreas superficiales expuestas al sol de cualquier infraestructura proporcionan las condiciones óptimas para la aplicación de materiales fotocatalíticos. El gran interés por esta tecnología ha alentado la creación de diversos materiales de construcción inteligentes con propiedades fotocatalíticas, al incorporarles nanopartículas de TiO2. Por ese motivo, hoy en día se dispone de una gran variedad de productos, tales como pinturas, vidrio, estucos, pavimentos, cementos, entre muchos otros, cuya aplicación se ha promovido recientemente. El propósito del presente trabajo es hacer una revisión integral del proceso fotocatalítico, sus propiedades y sus aplicaciones en la industria de la construcción, así como de los problemas y limitaciones de esta tecnología.
Citas
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