La problemática de los micro y nanoplásticos en las costas americanas del Océano Pacífico
Resumen
Este trabajo aborda la problemática representada por los micro y nanoplásticos (MP y NP, respectivamente) en las costas americanas del Océano Pacífico, desde la perspectiva de la Red Micro y Nano Allpa Pacha. Esta red está conformada por científicos de Chile, Perú, Costa Rica, Colombia, Ecuador, Panamá y México, quienes, preocupados por el impacto en el ambiente y su repercusión en la salud, decidieron establecer colaboraciones científicas internacionales para la geolocalización, monitoreo y caracterización de MP y NP presentes en las costas del Océano Pacífico en el continente americano. Se espera aportar datos basados en evidencias científicas y armonizados, que impacten en la enseñanza y en la planificación de medidas de control y regulación de estos contaminantes en nuestros países. En este trabajo se incluyen algunos aspectos de polímeros y plásticos, definiciones de MP’s y NP’s, y sus diversos impactos, la problemática de la toma de muestras, caracterización adecuada, entre otros. Unas de las conclusiones permitieron determinar que hay muchas características de los NP’s y MP’s sin investigar como la interacción con otros productos químicos, el impacto de la morfología en la biodisponibilidad, la formación de adherencias y liberación de las mismas durante su contacto con los compartimentos ambientales, la dependencia de su composición con su comportamiento y destino, entre otras. Asimismo, se determinó que todo aporte a la mitigación del problema de estos materiales debe incluir la concientización, la prevención y la reducción, mediante un enfoque integral de educación y capacitación, y considerando todos los actores de la sociedad, responsables de la problemática generada, bajo un enfoque de evidencia científica. Finalmente, se determinó que el tema aún está en su fase inicial, y la información es reiterativa y auto referenciada.
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