Extracción de quitina de Aspergillus niger asistida por ondas de choque: caracterización fisicoquímica y eléctrica
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La quitina es un polisacárido lineal producido por especies animales y fúngicas. Una de sus principales fuentes de obtención es el hongo Aspergillus niger, cultivado en biorreactores industriales. Es un biopolímero neutro que modifica las propiedades eléctricas de los materiales compuestos, una característica muy útil para algunos dispositivos electrónicos. Nuestro objetivo en este trabajo fue la caracterización fisicoquímica de películas de quitina, extraída de dicho hongo por un método químico asistido por ondas de choque y calor, así como también determinar su resistividad eléctrica al aplicarle altos voltajes (entre 10 y 20 kV). Las ondas de choque se utilizaron en este estudio porque se sabe que inducen poros en las células y podrían promover la entrada de álcali en la hifa, permitiendo una mejor eliminación de los componentes celulares residuales. La quitina fue neutralizada, secada y se formaron películas. Los valores de proteína residual se cuantificaron con la técnica de ácido bicinconínico (BCA), obteniendo películas con bajas cantidades de proteína. La caracterización del morfotipo específico extraído se estimó mediante infrarrojo transformado de Fourier (FTIR) y difracción de rayos X (XRD). Para evaluar la resistividad ante voltajes elevados, se diseñó un circuito especial que permitió detectar variaciones significativas de esta con respecto al voltaje aplicado, es decir, la quitina mostró un comportamiento coincidente con un varistor no lineal y, hasta donde sabemos, este es el primer informe de dicho comportamiento para la quitina.
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Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, editada por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
Basada en una obra en http://www.mundonano.unam.mx.
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