Toxicidad de nanopartículas de óxidos metálicos en ambientes acuáticos
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Las nanopartículas de óxidos metálicos se encuentran entre los nanomateriales más utilizados en diversos sectores, como la medicina, la agricultura, la industria alimentaria y los dispositivos electrónicos, debido a sus propiedades funcionales, como gran área superficial, estabilidad química y actividad antimicrobiana. Sin embargo, su creciente producción y uso han incrementado su liberación al medio ambiente, especialmente en ecosistemas acuáticos. Diversos estudios han demostrado que estas NPs pueden inducir efectos tóxicos en organismos acuáticos afectando el equilibrio ecológico. La toxicidad depende de factores como el tipo de óxido metálico, el tamaño de las NPs, la carga superficial y su comportamiento en medios acuosos. En esta revisión se analizan las características fisicoquímicas de las nanopartículas de dióxido de titanio (NPs TiO2), de óxido de zinc (NPs ZnO) y de óxido de cobre (NPs CuO). La revisión resume los mecanismos de acción y la toxicidad asociada con estas NPs con el objetivo de proporcionar una visión general sobre su impacto ecológico y los desafíos actuales en su evaluación y regulación.
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Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, editada por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, se distribuye bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
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