Cell membrane and the nonspecificity of nanoparticles. How far can a nanomaterial go into the cell?

Abstract

In this work we review the different mechanisms of interaction of nanoparticles (NPS) with the cell membrane. These mechanisms are so varied that they can even be influenced depending on the type of nanoparticle, its chemical nature, shape and dimensions. Regardless of the entry route of the NPS, both inside the organism and inside the cell, these will trigger different cellular responses. The routes of exposure to the different types of nanoparticles will be as diverse as their applications, putting a controversial issue on the table about the possible effects on the environment and, as a consequence, constitutes a public health problem.