Metodologías para la síntesis de nanopartículas: controlando forma y tamaño

Abstract

Manipulating the synthesis conditions allows for rational control of nanoparticles size and morphology and provides a means to tailor materials properties in specific applications. In this work the main synthesis methods of nanomaterials are described. For the “top-down” approach, involving mainly physical methods, the thermal evaporation, the synthesis of gaseous clusters, the ion implantation, the chemical vapor deposition and the mechanical activation or mecanosyntesis are described. On the other hand for the “bottom-up” approach, involving mainly chemical methods, the following methods are described: the colloidal method, the photochemical and radiation-chemical reduction, the microwave irradiation, reactions in dendrimers, the solvothermal synthesis and the sol-gel method. Moreover some methods for the deposition of nanoparticles on supports (mainly on oxides) are described: impregnation, ionic adsorption, deposition precipitation, deposition of colloids and photochemical deposition.